{"id":955,"date":"2026-11-11T11:43:46","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/varna-necropolis.miroslav.eu\/?page_id=955"},"modified":"2026-11-11T13:18:55","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T13:18:55","slug":"%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%85%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%ba%d0%b8-finds","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/varna-necropolis.miroslav.eu\/?page_id=955","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u0410\u0425\u041e\u0414\u041a\u0418 \/ FINDS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0430: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b I (\u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430 I), \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1972 \u0433. \/ Note: the information below refer only to Varna Chalcolithic necropolis I (a.k.a Varna I, Varna cemetery), discovered in 1972.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0443\u043a \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0431\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430<\/a>, \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 No.1, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/a> \/ Here are presented some of the finds. When not taking a part in exhibitions in Bulgaria or abroad, they are located in the Archeological Museum in Varna<\/a>, except the finds from Grave No.1, which can be seen in the National History Museum in Sofia<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432 83 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430. \u0415\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \/ A huge variety of burial inventory, classified in 83 types, is unearthed at Varna Chalcolithic necropolis. Here are the main categories:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/strong> (\u043d\u0430\u0434 650 \u0431\u0440.) \u2013 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0441  \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b, \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443 (\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 No.4). \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u0434\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440) \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0442 \/ clay vessels<\/strong> (over 650 pcs) \u2013 usually in poor condition or not well fired, probably related only to the funeral ritual, except for several unique vessels, which are described below (from Grave No.4). It is noteworthy that usually vessels in grave pits are smaller models (two to three times than the actual size) of normal items for everyday use.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \/ Clay vessels from Varna necropolis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u2013 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430<\/strong> (\u043d\u0430\u0434 230 \u0431\u0440.) \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u043d\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u041d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435-\u043d\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 35 \u0441\u043c., \u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e 44 \u0441\u043c. (\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 No.1) \u2013 \u0442.\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u201e\u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u201c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \/ flint tools<\/strong> (over 230 pcs) \u2013 most of them are knife-blades, there are single finds of scrapers and teeth of sickles. Several of the blades have a length of over 35 cm and one of them reaches 44 cm (from Grave No.1) \u2013 so-called \u2018superblades\u2019. Very small part of them have trace of use.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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\u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0436 \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b \u2013 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043a \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \/ Flint knife from Varna necropolis \u2013 close view<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u2013 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u044a\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430<\/strong> (\u043d\u0430\u0434 90 \u0431\u0440.) \u2013 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438, \u0434\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440., \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 (\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 ?) \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0438\u0434 (\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 No.43). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \/ stone tools<\/strong> (more than 90 pcs) \u2013 axes, chisels, adzes, scrapers, etc., including marble vessels and two axes (adzes ?) from jadeite (from Grave No.43). A very small amount of them have traces of use.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434<\/strong> (\u043d\u0430\u0434 160 \u0431\u0440.) \u2013 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u042e\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 No.43 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439 \u0441. \u0414\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043a, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 1204 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430 (\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u0441\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430; \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e 600 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430 (\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u044f IV\u201c \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u201c; \u042f. \u0411\u043e\u044f\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0435\u0432, 2001 \u0433.) (!), 994 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430 (\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u044f \u0406\u0406\u0406\u201c \u2013 390 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u044f \u0406V\u201c \u2013 164 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u201c, \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u2013 440 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430, \u041c. \u0410\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430, 2008 \u0433.) (!). \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434 \u2013 14 \u0431\u0440. (! \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 2007 \u0433.) \u2013 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0438\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0430 \/ copper tools, weapons and ornaments<\/strong> (over 160 pcs) \u2013 a huge quantity for the era, including the only one copper spear head from the Chalcolithic found in Southeastern Europe. Very small part of them have trace of use. Along with the normal sized tools there are several scale models. The weight of the copper objects only from Grave No.43 exceeds the weight of all copper finds from the necropolis near Durankulak (Northeastern Bulgaria), where 1204 graves were excavated (from the late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age; from the Chalcolithic there are nearly 600 graves (culture \u201cHamangia IV\u201d and culture \u201cVarna\u201d, Y. Boyadzhiev, 2001) (!), 994 graves (culture \u201cHamangia III\u201d \u2013 390 graves, culture \u201cHamangia IV\u201d \u2013 164 graves, culture \u201cVarna\u201d, all phases \u2013 440 graves, M. Avramova, 2008) (!). The discovered copper ornaments in Varna necropolis are small number \u2013 totally 14 pcs (! according to information from year of 2007) \u2013 bracelets, rings, hairpins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"VHN-\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438_\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430-010\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438_\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430-011\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438_\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430-012\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435-\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438-\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong> \u2013 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0438 (= \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e), \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u044a\u0431\u0438, \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u0440, \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0411\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u201c (\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0425\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0438\u044f\u201c), \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d-\u0413\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e VI\u201c, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0438 \/ artefacts from antler, horn and bone<\/strong> \u2013 idol figurines, picks, mattocks, ploughs, smoothers, spindles, statuettes, beads from teeth, wild boar teeth, horns from auroch, ornaments. Until the discovery of Varna necropolis a bone idol figurines from this period were found only in settlements, but not in cemeteries. The antler battle axes are distinctive for \u201cVarna\u201d culture (as well as for the earlier culture \u201cHamadgia\u201d in the region), as opposed to single finds in the area of the synchronous culture \u201cKodzhadermen-Gumelni\u021ba-Karanovo VI\u201d, where stone battle axes predominate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e<\/strong> \u2013 \u0432 65 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 38 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438. \u0417\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430 3 078 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e 5,8 \u043a\u0433. (5754,38 \u0433\u0440., \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 42 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0433\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430; \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043b\u0438 5800 \u0433\u0440.). \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043c\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 1978 \u0433., \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043c \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438, 98% \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f \/ various gold artefacts<\/strong> \u2013 in 65 graves were found 38 different types, some of them unique. The gold objects are 3 078 pcs with total weight about 5.8 kg (5754.38 g; there is no exact data for 42 small objects \u2013 rings, beads, nails \u2013 due to their assemblage in bead strings and necklaces together with other objects, or because of  not performed weight measurment during the inventory process; therefore the exact total weight should exceed 5800 g). Only in one grave are found gold objects weighing more than all the gold objects discovered up to now in the world from the Chalcolithic. According to Hartman\u2019s 1978 study, which cover most of these gold finds, 98% have no traces of use, no matter of their type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0446. \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (2003 \u0433.) \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b I (\u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438: \u043e\u0442 0,145 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 0,415 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u201c \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u044f \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u201e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u201c (\u0441\u044a\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u201e\u0412\u0410<\/strong>\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u041d<\/strong>\u0435\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u201c). \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0430\u043d <\/em>\u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 2 (0,83 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 3 (1,24 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 4 (1,7 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 20 (8,3 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 28 (11,6 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 30 (12,4 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430), 40 (16,6 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430) \u0438 60 (27,9 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430). \u0422\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044f\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0446\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 (\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0445\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438) \u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 (1 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 = 0,2 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430) \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \/ According to Associate Professor Ruslan Kostov (2003), the analysis of gold products from Varna chalcolithic necropolis (beads, appliqu\u00e9s, rings, bracelets, pectorals and diadems) shows that there is at least two basic measurment units: 0.145 grams and 0.415 grams. The second unit is considered to be a main \u201cchalcolithic unit\u201d and the name \u201cvan\u201d is proposed (abbreviated from \u201cVArna Necropolis\u201d). The following ratios to one van<\/em> are found: 2 (0.83 grams), 3 (1.24 grams), 4 (1.7 grams), 20 (8.3 grams), 28 (11.6 grams), 30 (12.4 grams), 40 (16.6 grams) and 60 (27.9 grams). This earliest weight measurment unit is equal to the average weight of the bigger chalcedony beads (carnelian and agate) among the finds from Varna necropolis, and it\u2019s almost equal to 2 carats (1 carat = 0.2 gram) in modern gemology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \/ List of the gold artefacts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

No.<\/strong><\/td>No. \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431 \/ Grave N0.<\/strong><\/td>\u0411\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \/ Pcs of gold objects<\/strong><\/td>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \/            Total weight in grams<\/strong><\/td>\u0417\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043a\u0430 \/         Note<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1<\/td>1<\/td>217<\/td>1094,35<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 2<\/td> 2<\/td> 35<\/td> \u043d\u0430\u0434 33,39 \/ over 33.39<\/td> 22 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \/ 22 pcs without data of weight<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>3<\/td>29<\/td>\u043d\u0430\u0434 22,52 \/ over 22.52<\/td>16 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \/ 16 pcs without data of weight<\/td><\/tr>
4<\/td> 4<\/td>348<\/td>1554,7<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 5<\/td> 5<\/td> 4<\/td> 16,45<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 6<\/td> 6<\/td>2<\/td>21<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 7<\/td> 15<\/td>17<\/td>23,35<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 8<\/td> 21<\/td>5<\/td>11,03<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 9<\/td> 24<\/td>31<\/td>8,59<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
10<\/td>26<\/td>10<\/td>68,33<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 11<\/td>27<\/td>14<\/td>2,14<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 12<\/td>32<\/td>2<\/td>12,8<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
13<\/td>35<\/td>44<\/td>32,13<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 14<\/td>36<\/td>857<\/td>782,16<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 15<\/td>39<\/td>1<\/td>3,69<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 16<\/td>40<\/td>1<\/td>3,9<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 17<\/td>41<\/td>136<\/td>63<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
18<\/td>43<\/td>1003<\/td>1524,39<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
19<\/td>48<\/td>2<\/td>12,28<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
20<\/td>49<\/td>13<\/td>2,07<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 21<\/td> 53<\/td>1<\/td>4,28<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
22<\/td> 54<\/td>4<\/td>15,87<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 23<\/td> 55<\/td>2<\/td>10,02<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
24<\/td> 57<\/td>2<\/td>10,91<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
25<\/td>61<\/td>3<\/td>6,97<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 26<\/td>63<\/td>83<\/td>29,37<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
27<\/td>65<\/td>7<\/td>26,9<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
28<\/td>66<\/td>2<\/td>2,17<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 29<\/td>67<\/td>1<\/td>16,75<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
30<\/td>68<\/td>1<\/td>1,27<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
31<\/td>69<\/td>1<\/td>0,54<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
32<\/td>71<\/td>15<\/td>2,02<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 33<\/td>90<\/td>6<\/td>1,53<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 34<\/td>97<\/td>7<\/td>50,79<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 35<\/td>108<\/td>5<\/td>17,99<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 36<\/td>110<\/td>35<\/td>4,81<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
37<\/td>119<\/td>6<\/td>8,5<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 38<\/td>134<\/td>3<\/td>3,66<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 39<\/td>143<\/td>1<\/td>\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \/ without data of weight <\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 40<\/td>144<\/td>1<\/td>0,95<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 41<\/td>151<\/td>4<\/td>8,91<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 42<\/td>154<\/td>8<\/td>3,31<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
43<\/td>167<\/td>11<\/td>48,83<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
44<\/td>179<\/td>1<\/td>2,01<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 45<\/td>185<\/td>1<\/td>0,85<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 46<\/td>189<\/td>3<\/td>2,65<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
47<\/td>190<\/td>5<\/td>1,54<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
48<\/td> 195<\/td>1<\/td>30,47<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 49<\/td> 201<\/td>1<\/td>0,48<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 50<\/td>206<\/td>1<\/td>3,84<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 51<\/td>207<\/td>1<\/td>0,77<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 52<\/td>226<\/td>4<\/td>13,52<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 53<\/td>244<\/td>1<\/td>17,65<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
 54<\/td>246<\/td>1<\/td>0,88<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
55<\/td>254<\/td>1<\/td>2,99<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
56<\/td>255<\/td>1<\/td>0,74<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
57<\/td>266<\/td>2<\/td>6,9<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
58<\/td>270<\/td>15<\/td>20,23<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
59<\/td>271<\/td>27<\/td>18,6<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
60<\/td>272<\/td>1<\/td>5,39<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
61<\/td>273<\/td>6<\/td>22,87<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
62<\/td>274<\/td>2<\/td>5,6<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
63<\/td>276<\/td>2<\/td>3,35<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
64<\/td>283<\/td>4<\/td>5,7<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
65<\/td>\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0421 \/ block \u0421<\/td>17<\/td>\u043d\u0430\u0434 18,77 \/ over 18.77<\/td>3 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043b\u043e \/ 3 pcs without data of weight<\/td><\/tr>
\u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e \/ Total<\/strong><\/td>3078<\/strong><\/td>\u043d\u0430\u0434 5754,38 \/ over 5754.38<\/strong><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/strong> \u2013 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0446 (\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0446\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d \u2013 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a) \u0438 \u0430\u0445\u0430\u0442) \u2013 478 \u0431\u0440. \u043c\u044a\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442); \u0431\u044f\u043b \u0438 \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d (\u043a\u0430\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442); \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0442 (\u043d\u0430\u0434 2000 \u0431\u0440.); \u0436\u0430\u0434 (jade) (\u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0436\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0438\u0442). \u041d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043d (\u0432\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e) \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441 \u0432 \u0415\u0433\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\/ artefacts from minerals<\/strong> \u2013 quartz (chalcedony \u2013 carnelian and agate) \u2013 478 beads \u2013 the largest concentration from this period in a single archeologic site at the Eastern Balkans; serpentine (serpentinite); white and yellow kaolin (kaolinite \u2013 soft white clay); malachite (over 2000 pcs); jade (with two very difficult to distinguish, but with different mineral content variants \u2013 nephrite and jadeite). There is also a single plate of obsidian (volcanic glass) originating from the island of Melos in the Aegean Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438 \/ Chemical formulas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n